M1-02: Orange Blossom

Raw Materials & Scents

Orange blossom refers to the fragrant white flower of the orange tree (Citrus sinensis). Quoted from the Experimental Perfume Club: “the smell of orange blossom is often described as sweet, warm, and slightly honeyed, with a fresh, green undertone. The fragrance can also be perceived as heady, floral-animalic, or even fresh and soapy. The specific aroma can vary depending on the individual’s olfactory experience and the presence of other scent notes in a fragrance. “

Orange blossom is widely used across North Africa, Middle East and Europe in cooking and fragrances.

Processes 

The essence of orange blossom is extracted through solvents, while Neroli is extracted via steam distillation. In Morocco, the orange blossom water is general home distilled. This practice still holds true in the larger imperial cities like Fez, Raban, Marrakesh, and Meknes. The distillation process is ancient and was developed by Muslims from Andalusia (Muslim Spain). This tradition was brought to Morocco by migrating Muslims and Jews after the fall of Granada in 1492.

The distillation process involves collecting fresh orange blossoms, often in traditional baskets covered with a wet cloth to keep them moist. The blossoms are then placed in a copper pot, a type of still called a “katara,” with water. The still is heated, and steam is produced, which carries the fragrant essence of the blossoms. 

Meanings & Rituals

The key odourants (VoCs) include linalool, nerolidol, limonene, Linalool acetate and Geranyl acetate. Orange blossom water is recommended for cases of insomnia, stress or anxiety.

The meaning of orange blossom is always associated with purity, chastity, innocence and fertility across many cultures. In Europe orange blossoms are used in wedding bouquets by brides, a trend started in the early 1800s.The UK Royal website notes that “For her (Queen Victoria) wedding to Prince Albert on 10 April 1840, Queen Victoria did not wear a tiara, instead wearing a wreath of orange blossom, an emblem of chastity.”